/**
 * @module ol/coordinate
 */
import {getWidth} from './extent.js';
import {modulo, toFixed} from './math.js';
import {padNumber} from './string.js';

/**
 * An array of numbers representing an `xy`, `xyz` or `xyzm` coordinate.
 * Example: `[16, 48]`.
 * @typedef {Array<number>} Coordinate
 * @api
 */

/**
 * A function that takes a {@link module:ol/coordinate~Coordinate} and
 * transforms it into a `{string}`.
 *
 * @typedef {function((Coordinate|undefined)): string} CoordinateFormat
 * @api
 */

/**
 * Add `delta` to `coordinate`. `coordinate` is modified in place and returned
 * by the function.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     import {add} from 'ol/coordinate.js';
 *
 *     const coord = [7.85, 47.983333];
 *     add(coord, [-2, 4]);
 *     // coord is now [5.85, 51.983333]
 *
 * @param {Coordinate} coordinate Coordinate.
 * @param {Coordinate} delta Delta.
 * @return {Coordinate} The input coordinate adjusted by
 * the given delta.
 * @api
 */
export function add(coordinate, delta) {
  coordinate[0] += +delta[0];
  coordinate[1] += +delta[1];
  return coordinate;
}

/**
 * Calculates the point closest to the passed coordinate on the passed circle.
 *
 * @param {Coordinate} coordinate The coordinate.
 * @param {import("./geom/Circle.js").default} circle The circle.
 * @return {Coordinate} Closest point on the circumference.
 */
export function closestOnCircle(coordinate, circle) {
  const r = circle.getRadius();
  const center = circle.getCenter();
  const x0 = center[0];
  const y0 = center[1];
  const x1 = coordinate[0];
  const y1 = coordinate[1];

  let dx = x1 - x0;
  const dy = y1 - y0;
  if (dx === 0 && dy === 0) {
    dx = 1;
  }
  const d = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);

  const x = x0 + (r * dx) / d;
  const y = y0 + (r * dy) / d;

  return [x, y];
}

/**
 * Calculates the point closest to the passed coordinate on the passed segment.
 * This is the foot of the perpendicular of the coordinate to the segment when
 * the foot is on the segment, or the closest segment coordinate when the foot
 * is outside the segment.
 *
 * @param {Coordinate} coordinate The coordinate.
 * @param {Array<Coordinate>} segment The two coordinates
 * of the segment.
 * @return {Coordinate} The foot of the perpendicular of
 * the coordinate to the segment.
 */
export function closestOnSegment(coordinate, segment) {
  const x0 = coordinate[0];
  const y0 = coordinate[1];
  const start = segment[0];
  const end = segment[1];
  const x1 = start[0];
  const y1 = start[1];
  const x2 = end[0];
  const y2 = end[1];
  const dx = x2 - x1;
  const dy = y2 - y1;
  const along =
    dx === 0 && dy === 0
      ? 0
      : (dx * (x0 - x1) + dy * (y0 - y1)) / (dx * dx + dy * dy || 0);
  let x, y;
  if (along <= 0) {
    x = x1;
    y = y1;
  } else if (along >= 1) {
    x = x2;
    y = y2;
  } else {
    x = x1 + along * dx;
    y = y1 + along * dy;
  }
  return [x, y];
}

/**
 * Returns a {@link module:ol/coordinate~CoordinateFormat} function that can be
 * used to format
 * a {Coordinate} to a string.
 *
 * Example without specifying the fractional digits:
 *
 *     import {createStringXY} from 'ol/coordinate.js';
 *
 *     const coord = [7.85, 47.983333];
 *     const stringifyFunc = createStringXY();
 *     const out = stringifyFunc(coord);
 *     // out is now '8, 48'
 *
 * Example with explicitly specifying 2 fractional digits:
 *
 *     import {createStringXY} from 'ol/coordinate.js';
 *
 *     const coord = [7.85, 47.983333];
 *     const stringifyFunc = createStringXY(2);
 *     const out = stringifyFunc(coord);
 *     // out is now '7.85, 47.98'
 *
 * @param {number} [fractionDigits] The number of digits to include
 *    after the decimal point. Default is `0`.
 * @return {CoordinateFormat} Coordinate format.
 * @api
 */
export function createStringXY(fractionDigits) {
  return (
    /**
     * @param {Coordinate} coordinate Coordinate.
     * @return {string} String XY.
     */
    function (coordinate) {
      return toStringXY(coordinate, fractionDigits);
    }
  );
}

/**
 * @param {string} hemispheres Hemispheres.
 * @param {number} degrees Degrees.
 * @param {number} [fractionDigits] The number of digits to include
 *    after the decimal point. Default is `0`.
 * @return {string} String.
 */
export function degreesToStringHDMS(hemispheres, degrees, fractionDigits) {
  const normalizedDegrees = modulo(degrees + 180, 360) - 180;
  const x = Math.abs(3600 * normalizedDegrees);
  const decimals = fractionDigits || 0;

  let deg = Math.floor(x / 3600);
  let min = Math.floor((x - deg * 3600) / 60);
  let sec = toFixed(x - deg * 3600 - min * 60, decimals);

  if (sec >= 60) {
    sec = 0;
    min += 1;
  }

  if (min >= 60) {
    min = 0;
    deg += 1;
  }

  let hdms = deg + '\u00b0';
  if (min !== 0 || sec !== 0) {
    hdms += ' ' + padNumber(min, 2) + '\u2032';
  }
  if (sec !== 0) {
    hdms += ' ' + padNumber(sec, 2, decimals) + '\u2033';
  }
  if (normalizedDegrees !== 0) {
    hdms += ' ' + hemispheres.charAt(normalizedDegrees < 0 ? 1 : 0);
  }

  return hdms;
}

/**
 * Transforms the given {@link module:ol/coordinate~Coordinate} to a string
 * using the given string template. The strings `{x}` and `{y}` in the template
 * will be replaced with the first and second coordinate values respectively.
 *
 * Example without specifying the fractional digits:
 *
 *     import {format} from 'ol/coordinate.js';
 *
 *     const coord = [7.85, 47.983333];
 *     const template = 'Coordinate is ({x}|{y}).';
 *     const out = format(coord, template);
 *     // out is now 'Coordinate is (8|48).'
 *
 * Example explicitly specifying the fractional digits:
 *
 *     import {format} from 'ol/coordinate.js';
 *
 *     const coord = [7.85, 47.983333];
 *     const template = 'Coordinate is ({x}|{y}).';
 *     const out = format(coord, template, 2);
 *     // out is now 'Coordinate is (7.85|47.98).'
 *
 * @param {Coordinate} coordinate Coordinate.
 * @param {string} template A template string with `{x}` and `{y}` placeholders
 *     that will be replaced by first and second coordinate values.
 * @param {number} [fractionDigits] The number of digits to include
 *    after the decimal point. Default is `0`.
 * @return {string} Formatted coordinate.
 * @api
 */
export function format(coordinate, template, fractionDigits) {
  if (coordinate) {
    return template
      .replace('{x}', coordinate[0].toFixed(fractionDigits))
      .replace('{y}', coordinate[1].toFixed(fractionDigits));
  }
  return '';
}

/**
 * @param {Coordinate} coordinate1 First coordinate.
 * @param {Coordinate} coordinate2 Second coordinate.
 * @return {boolean} The two coordinates are equal.
 */
export function equals(coordinate1, coordinate2) {
  let equals = true;
  for (let i = coordinate1.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
    if (coordinate1[i] != coordinate2[i]) {
      equals = false;
      break;
    }
  }
  return equals;
}

/**
 * Rotate `coordinate` by `angle`. `coordinate` is modified in place and
 * returned by the function.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     import {rotate} from 'ol/coordinate.js';
 *
 *     const coord = [7.85, 47.983333];
 *     const rotateRadians = Math.PI / 2; // 90 degrees
 *     rotate(coord, rotateRadians);
 *     // coord is now [-47.983333, 7.85]
 *
 * @param {Coordinate} coordinate Coordinate.
 * @param {number} angle Angle in radian.
 * @return {Coordinate} Coordinate.
 * @api
 */
export function rotate(coordinate, angle) {
  const cosAngle = Math.cos(angle);
  const sinAngle = Math.sin(angle);
  const x = coordinate[0] * cosAngle - coordinate[1] * sinAngle;
  const y = coordinate[1] * cosAngle + coordinate[0] * sinAngle;
  coordinate[0] = x;
  coordinate[1] = y;
  return coordinate;
}

/**
 * Scale `coordinate` by `scale`. `coordinate` is modified in place and returned
 * by the function.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     import {scale as scaleCoordinate} from 'ol/coordinate.js';
 *
 *     const coord = [7.85, 47.983333];
 *     const scale = 1.2;
 *     scaleCoordinate(coord, scale);
 *     // coord is now [9.42, 57.5799996]
 *
 * @param {Coordinate} coordinate Coordinate.
 * @param {number} scale Scale factor.
 * @return {Coordinate} Coordinate.
 */
export function scale(coordinate, scale) {
  coordinate[0] *= scale;
  coordinate[1] *= scale;
  return coordinate;
}

/**
 * @param {Coordinate} coord1 First coordinate.
 * @param {Coordinate} coord2 Second coordinate.
 * @return {number} Squared distance between coord1 and coord2.
 */
export function squaredDistance(coord1, coord2) {
  const dx = coord1[0] - coord2[0];
  const dy = coord1[1] - coord2[1];
  return dx * dx + dy * dy;
}

/**
 * @param {Coordinate} coord1 First coordinate.
 * @param {Coordinate} coord2 Second coordinate.
 * @return {number} Distance between coord1 and coord2.
 */
export function distance(coord1, coord2) {
  return Math.sqrt(squaredDistance(coord1, coord2));
}

/**
 * Calculate the squared distance from a coordinate to a line segment.
 *
 * @param {Coordinate} coordinate Coordinate of the point.
 * @param {Array<Coordinate>} segment Line segment (2
 * coordinates).
 * @return {number} Squared distance from the point to the line segment.
 */
export function squaredDistanceToSegment(coordinate, segment) {
  return squaredDistance(coordinate, closestOnSegment(coordinate, segment));
}

/**
 * Format a geographic coordinate with the hemisphere, degrees, minutes, and
 * seconds.
 *
 * Example without specifying fractional digits:
 *
 *     import {toStringHDMS} from 'ol/coordinate.js';
 *
 *     const coord = [7.85, 47.983333];
 *     const out = toStringHDMS(coord);
 *     // out is now '47° 58′ 60″ N 7° 50′ 60″ E'
 *
 * Example explicitly specifying 1 fractional digit:
 *
 *     import {toStringHDMS} from 'ol/coordinate.js';
 *
 *     const coord = [7.85, 47.983333];
 *     const out = toStringHDMS(coord, 1);
 *     // out is now '47° 58′ 60.0″ N 7° 50′ 60.0″ E'
 *
 * @param {Coordinate} coordinate Coordinate.
 * @param {number} [fractionDigits] The number of digits to include
 *    after the decimal point. Default is `0`.
 * @return {string} Hemisphere, degrees, minutes and seconds.
 * @api
 */
export function toStringHDMS(coordinate, fractionDigits) {
  if (coordinate) {
    return (
      degreesToStringHDMS('NS', coordinate[1], fractionDigits) +
      ' ' +
      degreesToStringHDMS('EW', coordinate[0], fractionDigits)
    );
  }
  return '';
}

/**
 * Format a coordinate as a comma delimited string.
 *
 * Example without specifying fractional digits:
 *
 *     import {toStringXY} from 'ol/coordinate.js';
 *
 *     const coord = [7.85, 47.983333];
 *     const out = toStringXY(coord);
 *     // out is now '8, 48'
 *
 * Example explicitly specifying 1 fractional digit:
 *
 *     import {toStringXY} from 'ol/coordinate.js';
 *
 *     const coord = [7.85, 47.983333];
 *     const out = toStringXY(coord, 1);
 *     // out is now '7.8, 48.0'
 *
 * @param {Coordinate} coordinate Coordinate.
 * @param {number} [fractionDigits] The number of digits to include
 *    after the decimal point. Default is `0`.
 * @return {string} XY.
 * @api
 */
export function toStringXY(coordinate, fractionDigits) {
  return format(coordinate, '{x}, {y}', fractionDigits);
}

/**
 * Modifies the provided coordinate in-place to be within the real world
 * extent. The lower projection extent boundary is inclusive, the upper one
 * exclusive.
 *
 * @param {Coordinate} coordinate Coordinate.
 * @param {import("./proj/Projection.js").default} projection Projection.
 * @return {Coordinate} The coordinate within the real world extent.
 */
export function wrapX(coordinate, projection) {
  if (projection.canWrapX()) {
    const worldWidth = getWidth(projection.getExtent());
    const worldsAway = getWorldsAway(coordinate, projection, worldWidth);
    if (worldsAway) {
      coordinate[0] -= worldsAway * worldWidth;
    }
  }
  return coordinate;
}
/**
 * @param {Coordinate} coordinate Coordinate.
 * @param {import("./proj/Projection.js").default} projection Projection.
 * @param {number} [sourceExtentWidth] Width of the source extent.
 * @return {number} Offset in world widths.
 */
export function getWorldsAway(coordinate, projection, sourceExtentWidth) {
  const projectionExtent = projection.getExtent();
  let worldsAway = 0;
  if (
    projection.canWrapX() &&
    (coordinate[0] < projectionExtent[0] || coordinate[0] > projectionExtent[2])
  ) {
    sourceExtentWidth = sourceExtentWidth || getWidth(projectionExtent);
    worldsAway = Math.floor(
      (coordinate[0] - projectionExtent[0]) / sourceExtentWidth,
    );
  }
  return worldsAway;
}